OT Asset Inventory: The Unglamorous First Step to Industrial Security
You cannot protect what you cannot see. How to build and keep an asset inventory that security and maintenance can both use.
asset-management / EN
ENGINEERING NOTESTechnical answers.
Technical answers.
For real factory questions.
From the production line to business systems: implementation steps, design decisions and commissioning checks.
62 articles
Connectivity & protocols / EN
IIoT Connectivity Options: Cellular, Wi-Fi, LoRaWAN, and Wired
There is no best wireless technology - only the right one for the distance, data rate, and power budget. A selection guide.
ethernet / EN
Ethernet vs Fieldbus: When Industrial Ethernet Wins and When It Doesn't
Fieldbus is not obsolete, and Ethernet is not automatically better. The engineering criteria that settle the debate.
cybersecurity / EN
USB and Removable Media in Industrial Environments: Real Risk, Practical Policy
A USB stick is still the most common way malware reaches a PLC network. How to control removable media without crippling workflows.
edge / EN
Edge vs Cloud for Industrial Data: A Decision Framework, Not a Religion
Cloud is not always the answer, and edge is not automatically safer. A practical framework for where processing should live.
time-series / EN
How Time-Series Database Compression Keeps Historians Fast
Historians store billions of samples without exploding in size. Understanding lossless and lossy compression helps you size and tune them.
plc / EN
PLC Program Backup Best Practices: Protecting the Code That Runs Your Plant
The only copy of a machine's logic should never live on a single laptop. A practical backup strategy for PLC programs of any age.
mqtt / EN
MQTT Sparkplug B: The Payload Standard That Makes IIoT Data Usable
Raw MQTT topics are easy to publish and hard to govern. Sparkplug B adds structure, birth certificates, and last-gasp messages.
network / EN
The Purdue Model Explained: Designing IT/OT Network Zones That Actually Work
The Purdue reference model is the backbone of industrial network design. Here is how to map your plant to levels and where the DMZ belongs.
cybersecurity / EN
IEC 62443 for Beginners: What the OT Security Standard Actually Requires
IEC 62443 is the reference framework for industrial cybersecurity. Here is a plain-language map of its parts and how to start applying it.
opc-ua / EN
OPC UA vs MQTT: When to Use Each in an Industrial Architecture
OPC UA and MQTT solve different problems. This guide maps each protocol to the architecture where it earns its place.
modbus / EN
Modbus TCP vs Modbus RTU: Choosing the Right Protocol for Your Line
Both protocols move register data between controllers, but they differ in transport, latency, and wiring. A practical comparison for retrofit and greenfield projects.
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